Los animales se deprimen?

[felipefg]

En internet más que nada hay información sobre los perros... Pero el resto de los animales, presentan depresión como los humanos? Hay algún estudio hecho sobre esto? Por ejemplo, un venado, cuando un depredador se come a su cría... Se deprime? Le afecta?

Si es que le afecta, entonces un animales tiene claramente consciencia de lo que sucede alrededor y consciencia de sí mismo para que algo le afecte a él, o no?

Lo único que encontré que no hable de perros fue esto: http://www.astrolabio.net/canal/cont...s-07042010.php

Te paso la entrada para Depression de "The Encyclopedia of Applied Animal Behaviour & Welfare", está en inglés, intenté traducirla con el traductor de bing pero la verdad que es muy mala la calidad de la traducción así que lo dejo en dicho idioma:

"In relation to humans, depression describes a condition of persistent negative mood, and as a clinical disorder is the most commonly diagnosed psychiatric illness in modern Western society. It encompasses a number of more specific conditions including major depressive illness, dysthymia, bipolar disorder and seasonal affective disorder. In humans, to a greater or lesser extent, each of these diseases is characterized by feelings of apathy, hopelessness, helplessness, inability to experience pleasure and worthlessness and, in severe cases, can result in suicide. Signs and symptoms of depression include sleep disturbances, increase in fatigue, changes in appetite, social withdrawal and a reduced ability to concentrate. Various theories regarding the development of depression have been proposed, but no single explanation regarding its underlying aetiology is accepted. There is also still debate regarding the distinctiveness between depression and other negative affective disorders such as anxiety, due to the overlap in many of the diagnostic criteria and presenting symptoms between the different conditions. Given the subjective nature of the properties of depression when applied to humans, analogy with the term when applied to animals should be with caution.

Ethological laboratory models of depression for the screening of antidepressant drugs are often based on the induction of suppressed behaviour through manipulation of social stressors, e.g. through social isolation and changes in social hierarchy or the use of physical stressors that may be chronic or acute, such as those based on the induction of learned helplessness, the tail suspension test (the animal is suspended by its tail with sticky tape for 6 min) and the forced swim test (the animal is forced to swim
repeatedly in a bath for 15 min and the amount of time spent immobile recorded). The effect of these drugs on spontaneous behaviour, such as exploratory behaviour in either an open-field test or elevated plus-maze, may also be used as part of the screening process, since these drugs are expected to increase such activity.

In animals, the term depression is usually applied to situations where the normal behaviour of the individual is altered such that they appear less active and exhibit reduced interaction with their environment, conspecifics and, especially in the case of companion animals, possibly with human members of their social group. This behavioural depression has a physiological basis in situations of illness through the production of cytokines, and has been studied in conjunction with other effects of these mediators, such as the suppression of appetite.

Behavioural depression as a result of negative affect is more difficult to determine in animals, as mood cannot be assessed through the articulation of feelings. However, certain theories regarding the evolution and development of depression in humans - neuroanatomical correlates combined with data on neurotransmitter levels (especially serotonin) associated with depressive conditions - make speculation in this area of interest to those concerned with animal welfare. One of the theories regarding the
evolutionary value of depression speculates that a depressed mood may be linked to an increased withdrawal from situations of conflict and a yielding of status in a dyad (see: Hierarchy), which helps to reduce the risk of exclusion from a social group following conflict.

Elevated mood is hypothesized to be associated with the ability to hold a resource, depressed mood with the surrendering of the resource, within conscious individuals (see: Consciousness). Both could potentially occur as acute or chronic events, and the function of depression for the individual would thus be the ability to remove oneself from a ritualized conflict without sustaining life-threatening injury. As social groups depend on cooperation, individuals that yield in these situations and inhibit their behaviour
are less likely to provoke further agonistic interaction (see: Agonistic behaviour), and so could remain within the population without further compromising their fitness.

The neurotransmitter alterations that appear to correlate with the unsuccessful outcome of a conflict situation seem to bear some similarities to the alterations described in individuals experiencing depression, which adds some support to this theory. Evidence for a genetic component to depressive illness in people may add further support for this trait being part of the normal range of human emotional processes. However, it may be that modern circumstances provoke an extreme or abnormal level of response that results in a less adaptive clinical condition. Postulated proximate triggers (see: Tinbergen's four questions) for the condition include loss of status, abilities or interpersonal conflict, and the impact of these may be exacerbated when they have a perceived lack of controllability.

Arguments based on evolutionary continuity may provide a theoretical basis to suggest that depression might have parallels in animal species with highly evolved social behaviour and systems. This may be reinforced by new experimental approaches to the assessment of the subjective states of animals, such as cognitive bias tests and, although we cannot know the subjective experience of another, the precautionary principle may be applied to protect their welfare as we understand more about the biology of the condition."

Saludos

[Re_Pollo]

aprovecho para preguntarles por acá... Para estudiar neurociencias, qué carrera piensan que se acerca más al tema: Bioquímica o Ciencias Biológicas?

[lucas_079]

Hola.

Personalmente (en base a mi observacion) te recomiendo ciencias biologicas.

Si podes comunicate con estos. Capaz que das en el clavo.

LABORATORIO DE FISIOLOGIA EN ACCION:

http://www.fmed.uba.ar/depto/fisiologia/fdaccion.htm




(sale chivo)

Hay profesores que dan clases de fisiologia (para medicina) Riquelme, por ej, es un groso.

Murer escribe capitulos de libros internacionales de neurofisiologia como el Best & Taylor.

Della Maggiore es JTP de la catedra de Fisiologia en la UBA.

Pasate por ahi y revisa sus CV y objetivos



saludos

[Re_Pollo]

muchas gracias man les voy a mandar mail a ver si tengo suerte